Browse anti-prokaryotic immune system families by Defense system

AD families AD genes Defense system CLAN ID Phages/MGEs References Description
APIS024 Tad1 Thoeris CLAN001 SBSphiJ7 of B. subtilis PMID:36174646 Tad1 proteins are not an enzymes, but are 'sponges' that bind and sequester the immune signaling molecule (cyclic ADP-ribose or gcADPR) produced by TIR-domain proteins, thus decoupling phage sensing from immune effector activation and rendering Thoeris inactive.
APIS029 Tad2 Thoeris CLAN001 Bacillus phage SPO1 Yirmiya et al., 2023 Tad2 is a "sponge" that sequesters the immune signaling molecules produced by Thoeris TIR-domain proteins in response to phage.
APIS043 CLAN001 Pasteurella phage Pm86
APIS045 CLAN001
APIS052 CLAN001
APIS061 CLAN001
APIS070 CLAN001
APIS079 CLAN001 Pseudomonas phage Skulduggery
TadIII-1 TadIII-1 Thoeris type III CLAN108 Pseudomonas phage S50 PMID:40639337 TadIII-1 inhibits the anti-phage activity of Thoeris type III by a yet unknown mechanism
APIS211 SequestinJ Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Thoeris anti-defense sponge; sequesters 3′cADPR and blocks ThsA activation
APIS245 SequestinM Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Sequestin-family anti-defense protein; inhibits type I Thoeris signaling, most likely by binding 3′cADPR.
APIS283 SequestinD Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Thoeris anti-defense sponge; sequesters 3′cADPR and blocks ThsA activation
APIS283 SequestinE Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Thoeris anti-defense sponge; sequesters 3′cADPR and blocks ThsA activation
APIS288 LockinE Type II Thoeris CLAN003 PMID:41785351 Lockin-family type II Thoeris inhibitor; expected to neutralize the type II Thoeris signal His-ADPR.
APIS288 LockinA Type I Thoeris,Type II Thoeris CLAN003 B. subtilis phage SBSphiJ PMID:41785351 act as nucleotide “sponges,” binding 1′′–3′ glycocyclic adenosine diphosphate–ribose (3′caDPr) and histidine conjugated to aDPr (his- aDPr)
APIS288 LockinD Type I Thoeris,Type II Thoeris CLAN003 PMID:41785351 Lockin-family anti-defense sponge active against both type I and type II Thoeris; likely neutralizes 3′cADPR and His-ADPR immune signals.
APIS315 SequestinK Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Sequestin-family Thoeris inhibitor; anti-defense protein that blocks the 3′cADPR → ThsA signaling pathway.
APIS315 SequestinB Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Anti-Thoeris Sequestin-family sponge; neutralizes Thoeris signaling by trapping 3′cADPR and blocking downstream NAD-depletion defense.
APIS315 SequestinL Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Viral anti-Thoeris sponge; binds/sequesters ADPR-derived Thoeris signal molecules and prevents growth-arrest/cell-death defense.
APIS315 SequestinH Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Phage Sequestin homolog; functions as a Thoeris inhibitor by preventing immune-signal activation of the effector.
APIS315 SequestinF Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Sequestin-family viral anti-defense protein; inhibits Thoeris by binding the TIR-produced ADPR-derived immune signal.
APIS356 SequestinI Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Sequestin-family antidefense protein; neutralizes Thoeris signaling molecules and allows phage escape from Thoeris defense.
APIS359 LockinB Type I Thoeris CLAN003 PMID:41785351 Lockin-family type I Thoeris inhibitor; sponge protein that sequesters 3′cADPR, preventing Thoeris effector activation.
APIS372 SequestinC Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Small phage anti-defense protein from the Sequestin family; inhibits type I Thoeris by interfering with 3′cADPR-mediated immune activation.
APIS373 SequestinG Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Anti-Thoeris sponge protein; blocks Thoeris immune signaling, likely through sequestration of 3′cADPR.
APIS378 SequestinA Thoeris CLAN001 PMID:41785351 Phage-encoded anti-Thoeris sponge protein; binds/sequesters the type I Thoeris immune signal 3′cADPR, preventing activation of the ThsA NADase effector.
LockinC LockinC Type I Thoeris CLAN003 PMID:41785351 Lockin-family sponge protein; inhibits type I Thoeris by trapping 3′cADPR.
APIS240 Tad6 type I Thoeris CLAN016 PMID:39855193 Tad3, Tad4, and Tad6 each have a conserved loop that blocks the active site pocket and interacts with the catalytic E85 residue of the type I ThsB
APIS242 Tad7 type II Thoeris CLAN033 PMID:39855193 The conserved loop of Tad7 binds the catalytic E99 residue of type II ThsB via a hydrogen bond.
APIS258 Tad4 type I Thoeris CLAN015 PMID:39855193 Tad3, Tad4, and Tad6 each have a conserved loop that blocks the active site pocket and interacts with the catalytic E85 residue of the type I ThsB.
APIS270 Tad8 type II Thoeris CLAN034 PMID:39855193 The conserved loops in Tad8 occupy the pocket within ThsA responsible for His-ADPR binding.
APIS351 Tad3 type I Thoeris CLAN014 PMID:39855193 Tad3, Tad4, and Tad6 each have a conserved loop that blocks the active site pocket and interacts with the catalytic E85 residue of the type I ThsB.
Tad5 Tad5 type I Thoeris CLAN052 PMID:39855193 Tad5 can interact with E85 and other active site residues in ThsB but does not completely block the active site pocket.
APIS203 CLAN001
APIS205 CLAN001
APIS214 CLAN014
APIS219 CLAN015
APIS220 CLAN003
APIS221 CLAN001
APIS226 CLAN003
APIS227 CLAN001
APIS228 CLAN003
APIS230 CLAN001
APIS232 CLAN015
APIS234 CLAN003
APIS238 CLAN016
APIS241 CLAN016
APIS243 CLAN014
APIS246 CLAN003
APIS247 CLAN001
APIS248 CLAN003
APIS249 CLAN015
APIS252 CLAN001
APIS253 CLAN014
APIS254 CLAN001
APIS256 CLAN001
APIS261 CLAN052
APIS266 CLAN003
APIS268 CLAN001
APIS271 CLAN001
APIS272 CLAN003
APIS277 CLAN016
APIS280 CLAN001
APIS284 CLAN003
APIS285 CLAN003
APIS290 CLAN003
APIS295 CLAN014
APIS296 CLAN015
APIS299 CLAN003
APIS300 CLAN034
APIS302 CLAN001
APIS303 CLAN003
APIS304 CLAN003
APIS306 CLAN001
APIS310 CLAN001
APIS313 CLAN003
APIS314 CLAN034
APIS318 CLAN001
APIS319 CLAN015
APIS321 CLAN003
APIS323 CLAN001
APIS326 CLAN016
APIS327 CLAN001
APIS329 CLAN033
APIS330 CLAN014
APIS331 CLAN001
APIS332 CLAN001
APIS333 CLAN001
APIS334 CLAN001
APIS335 CLAN003
APIS341 CLAN001
APIS342 CLAN014
APIS344 CLAN001
APIS347 CLAN016
APIS353 CLAN001
APIS358 CLAN003
APIS360 CLAN001
APIS362 CLAN001
APIS364 CLAN003
APIS366 CLAN033
APIS370 CLAN003
APIS371 CLAN001
APIS374 CLAN001
APIS376 CLAN016
APIS377 CLAN015