Browse anti-prokaryotic immune system families by Defense system

AD families AD genes Defense system CLAN ID Phages/MGEs References Description
APIS010 Ocr restriction-modification (RM);bacteriophage exclusion (BREX) CLAN017 T7 of E. coli PMID:32338761 329108 12235377 11804597 Ocr physically associates with BrxX methyltransferase to neutralizes their ability to both methylate and exclude incoming phage DNA. Ocr structurally mimics the DNA phosphate backbone and interacts directly with EcoKI (both the MTase and REase domain of this type I R–M enzyme), thereby interfering with the activity of this system.
APIS077 CLAN017 Proteus phage PM 116
APIS085 CLAN017 Escherichia phage T7
APIS087 CLAN017 Shigella phage ESh23
APIS094 Rad Retron CLAN025 Escherichia phage SP15 Azam et al., 2023 Rad inhibited retron function by degrading noncoding RNA, the precursor of msDNA.
APIS116 CLAN025
APIS130 RacC Retron CLAN082 prophage of Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 PMID:35850148 RacC is a Rac prophage gene, function as retron TA blocker. It directly blocks RcaT toxicity, inhibit the toxin of abortive infection systems.
APIS142 CLAN025
APIS191 CLAN025
APIS276 T7K Retron-Eco9,DarTG1 CLAN017 Escherichia phage T7 Bartolec et al., 2024 The T7 kinase weakens the activity of phage defense systems by phosphorylation, and is likely a broadly-acting phage counter-defense system.
APIS276 jss1_004 Dnd,QatABCD,SIR2+HerA,DUF4297+HerA,CRISPR‒Cas CLAN017 Salmonella phage JSS1 PMID:39506096 JSS1_004 employs N-terminal Ser/Thr/Tyr protein kinase activity to catalyse the multisite phosphorylation of host DndFGH. It also phosphorylates other bacterial immune systems to varying degrees, including CRISPR‒Cas, QatABCD, SIR2+HerA and DUF4297+HerA.
enki enki AbiH,Retron type II CLAN113 Vibrio phage 1.080.O._10N.286.48.A4 Lopatina et al., 2024 Broad anti-defense protein reported against AbiH and type II Retron systems; likely helps phage evade abortive-infection/retron-associated immune responses.
APIS357 CLAN017