oligosaccharide amylase. The name of this type of amylase is based on the characterization of an glucoamylase family enzyme from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. The T. vulgaris enzyme was expressed in E. coli and, like other glucoamylases, it releases beta-D-glucose from starch. However, unlike previously characterized glucoamylases, this T. vulgaris amylase hydrolyzes maltooligosaccharides (maltotetraose, maltose) more efficiently than starch (1), indicating this enzyme belongs to a class of glucoamylase-type enzymes with oligosaccharide-metabolizing activity.
C2 domain present in cytosolic PhosphoLipase A2 (cPLA2). A single copy of the C2 domain is present in cPLA2 which releases arachidonic acid from membranes initiating the biosynthesis of potent inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet-activating factor. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members of this cd have a type-II topology.